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Compare Egypt (2001) - French Polynesia (2001)

Compare Egypt (2001) z French Polynesia (2001)

 Egypt (2001)French Polynesia (2001)
 EgyptFrench Polynesia
Administrative divisions 26 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); Ad Daqahliyah, Al Bahr al Ahmar, Al Buhayrah, Al Fayyum, Al Gharbiyah, Al Iskandariyah, Al Isma'iliyah, Al Jizah, Al Minufiyah, Al Minya, Al Qahirah, Al Qalyubiyah, Al Wadi al Jadid, Ash Sharqiyah, As Suways, Aswan, Asyut, Bani Suwayf, Bur Sa'id, Dumyat, Janub Sina', Kafr ash Shaykh, Matruh, Qina, Shamal Sina', Suhaj none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 5 archipelagic divisions named Archipel des Marquises, Archipel des Tuamotu, Archipel des Tubuai, Iles du Vent, and Iles Sous-le-Vent

note:
Clipperton Island is administered by France from French Polynesia
Age structure 0-14 years:
34.59% (male 12,313,585; female 11,739,072)

15-64 years:
61.6% (male 21,614,284; female 21,217,978)

65 years and over:
3.81% (male 1,160,967; female 1,490,758) (2001 est.)
0-14 years:
29.74% (male 38,473; female 36,925)

15-64 years:
65.17% (male 86,128; female 79,076)

65 years and over:
5.09% (male 6,481; female 6,423) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, vegetables; cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats coconuts, vanilla, vegetables, fruits; poultry, beef, dairy products
Airports 90 (2000 est.) 45 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total:
69

over 3,047 m:
12

2,438 to 3,047 m:
35

1,524 to 2,437 m:
17

914 to 1,523 m:
2

under 914 m:
3 (2000 est.)
total:
32

over 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
19

under 914 m:
6 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total:
21

2,438 to 3,047 m:
2

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
7

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
total:
13

914 to 1,523 m:
3

under 914 m:
10 (2000 est.)
Area total:
1,001,450 sq km

land:
995,450 sq km

water:
6,000 sq km
total:
4,167 sq km (118 islands and atolls)

land:
3,660 sq km

water:
507 sq km
Area - comparative slightly more than three times the size of New Mexico slightly less than one-third the size of Connecticut
Background Nominally independent from the UK in 1922, Egypt acquired full sovereignty following World War II. The completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 and the resultant Lake Nasser have altered the time-honored place of the Nile river in the agriculture and ecology of Egypt. A rapidly growing population (the largest in the Arab world), limited arable land, and dependence on the Nile all continue to overtax resources and stress society. The government has struggled to ready the economy for the new millennium through economic reform and massive investment in communications and physical infrastructure. The French annexed various Polynesian island groups during the 19th century. In September 1995, France stirred up widespread protests by resuming nuclear testing on the Mururoa atoll after a three-year moratorium. The tests were suspended in January 1996.
Birth rate 24.89 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) 18.6 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues:
$22.6 billion

expenditures:
$26.2 billion, including capital expenditures of $NA (FY99)
revenues:
$1 billion

expenditures:
$900 million, including capital expenditures of $185 million (1996)
Capital Cairo Papeete
Climate desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters tropical, but moderate
Coastline 2,450 km 2,525 km
Constitution 11 September 1971 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form:
Arab Republic of Egypt

conventional short form:
Egypt

local long form:
Jumhuriyat Misr al-Arabiyah

local short form:
Misr

former:
United Arab Republic (with Syria)
conventional long form:
Territory of French Polynesia

conventional short form:
French Polynesia

local long form:
Territoire de la Polynesie Francaise

local short form:
Polynesie Francaise

former:
French Colony of Oceania
Currency Egyptian pound (EGP) Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF)
Death rate 7.7 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) 4.45 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $31 billion (2000 est.) $NA
Dependency status - overseas territory of France since 1946
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Daniel C. KURTZER

embassy:
5 Latin America St., Garden City, Cairo

mailing address:
Unit 64900, APO AE 09839-4900

telephone:
[20] (2) 795-7371

FAX:
[20] (2) 797-2000
none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission:
Ambassador Nabil FAHMY

chancery:
3521 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008

telephone:
[1] (202) 895-5400

FAX:
[1] (202) 244-4319, 5131

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco
none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international Egypt asserts its claim to the "Hala'ib Triangle," a barren area of 20,580 sq km under partial Sudanese administration that is defined by an administrative boundary which supersedes the treaty boundary of 1899 none
Economic aid - recipient ODA, $2.25 billion (1999) $367 million (1997)
Economy - overview A series of IMF arrangements - along with massive external debt relief resulting from Egypt's participation in the Gulf war coalition - helped Egypt improve its macroeconomic performance during the 1990s. Sound fiscal and monetary policies through the mid-1990s helped to tame inflation, slash budget deficits, and build up foreign reserves, while structural reforms such as privatization and new business legislation prompted increased foreign investment. By mid-1998, however, the pace of structural reform slackened, and lower combined hard currency earnings resulted in pressure on the Egyptian pound and sporadic US dollar shortages. External payments were not in crisis, but Cairo's attempts to curb demand for foreign exchange convinced some investors and currency traders that government financial operations lacked transparency and coordination. Monetary pressures have since eased, however, with the 1999-2000 higher oil prices, a rebound in tourism, and a series of mini-devaluations of the pound. The development of a gas export market is a major plus factor in future growth. Since 1962, when France stationed military personnel in the region, French Polynesia has changed from a subsistence economy to one in which a high proportion of the work force is either employed by the military or supports the tourist industry. Tourism accounts for about one-fourth of GDP and is a primary source of hard currency earnings. The small manufacturing sector primarily processes agricultural products. The territory benefited from a five-year (1994-98) development agreement with France aimed principally at creating new jobs.
Electricity - consumption 60.157 billion kWh (1999) 399.9 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 0 kWh (1999) 0 kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 64.685 billion kWh (1999) 430 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source fossil fuel:
76.59%

hydro:
23.41%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
fossil fuel:
51.16%

hydro:
48.84%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point:
Qattara Depression -133 m

highest point:
Mount Catherine 2,629 m
lowest point:
Pacific Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Mont Orohena 2,241 m
Environment - current issues agricultural land being lost to urbanization and windblown sands; increasing soil salination below Aswan High Dam; desertification; oil pollution threatening coral reefs, beaches, and marine habitats; other water pollution from agricultural pesticides, raw sewage, and industrial effluents; very limited natural fresh water resources away from the Nile which is the only perennial water source; rapid growth in population overstraining natural resources NA
Environment - international agreements party to:
Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol
-
Ethnic groups Eastern Hamitic stock (Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers) 99%, Greek, Nubian, Armenian, other European (primarily Italian and French) 1% Polynesian 78%, Chinese 12%, local French 6%, metropolitan French 4%
Exchange rates Egyptian pounds per US dollar - market rate - 3.8400 (January 2001), 3.6900 (2000), 3.4050 (1999), 3.3880 (1998), 3.3880 (1997), 3.3880 (1996) Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 127.11 (January 2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997), 93.00 (1996); note - pegged at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Executive branch chief of state:
President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK (since 14 October 1981)

head of government:
Prime Minister Atef OBEID (since 5 October 1999)

cabinet:
Cabinet appointed by the president

elections:
president nominated by the People's Assembly for a six-year term, the nomination must then be validated by a national, popular referendum; national referendum last held 26 September 1999 (next to be held NA October 2005); prime minister appointed by the president

election results:
national referendum validated President MUBARAK's nomination by the People's Assembly to a fourth term
chief of state:
President Jacques CHIRAC of France (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner of the Republic Paul RONCIERE (since NA 1994)

head of government:
President of the Territorial Government of French Polynesia Gaston FLOSSE (since 4 April 1991); President of the Territorial Assembly Justin ARAPARI (since 13 May 1996)

cabinet:
Council of Ministers; president submits a list of members of the Territorial Assembly for approval by them to serve as ministers

elections:
French president elected by popular vote for a seven-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the Territorial Government and the president of the Territorial Assembly are elected by the members of the assembly
Exports $7.3 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $205 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Exports - commodities crude oil and petroleum products, cotton, textiles, metal products, chemicals cultured pearls 50%, coconut products, mother-of-pearl, vanilla, shark meat (1997)
Exports - partners EU 35%, Middle East 17%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, US 12% (1999) Japan 62%, US 21% (1999)
Fiscal year 1 July - 30 June calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and black with the national emblem (a shield superimposed on a golden eagle facing the hoist side above a scroll bearing the name of the country in Arabic) centered in the white band; similar to the flag of Yemen, which has a plain white band; also similar to the flag of Syria, which has two green stars, and to the flag of Iraq, which has three green stars (plus an Arabic inscription) in a horizontal line centered in the white band two narrow red horizontal bands encase a wide white band; centered on the white band is a disk with blue and white wave pattern on the lower half and gold and white ray pattern on the upper half; a stylized red, blue and white ship rides on the wave pattern; the French flag is used for official occasions
GDP purchasing power parity - $247 billion (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $2.6 billion (1997 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture:
17%

industry:
32%

services:
51% (1999)
agriculture:
4%

industry:
18%

services:
78% (1997)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $3,600 (2000 est.) purchasing power parity - $10,800 (1997 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 5% (2000 est.) 2.5% (1997 est.)
Geographic coordinates 27 00 N, 30 00 E 15 00 S, 140 00 W
Geography - note controls Sinai Peninsula, only land bridge between Africa and remainder of Eastern Hemisphere; controls Suez Canal, shortest sea link between Indian Ocean and Mediterranean Sea; size, and juxtaposition to Israel, establish its major role in Middle Eastern geopolitics; dependence on upstream neighbors; dominance of Nile basin issues; prone to influxes of refugees includes five archipelagoes; Makatea in French Polynesia is one of the three great phosphate rock islands in the Pacific Ocean - the others are Banaba (Ocean Island) in Kiribati and Nauru
Heliports 2 (2000 est.) -
Highways total:
64,000 km

paved:
50,000 km

unpaved:
14,000 km (1996)
total:
792 km

paved:
264 km

unpaved:
528 km (2000)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%:
4.4%

highest 10%:
25% (1995)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs a transit point for Southwest Asian and Southeast Asian heroin and opium moving to Europe, Africa, and the US; popular transit stop for Nigerian couriers -
Imports $17 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.) $749 million (f.o.b., 1999)
Imports - commodities machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, chemicals, wood products, fuels fuels, foodstuffs, equipment
Imports - partners EU 36%, US 14%, Afro-Asian countries 14%, Middle East 6% (1999) France 53%, US 13%, Australia 10% (1999)
Independence 28 February 1922 (from UK) none (overseas territory of France)
Industrial production growth rate 2.1% (2000 est.) NA%
Industries textiles, food processing, tourism, chemicals, hydrocarbons, construction, cement, metals tourism, pearls, agricultural processing, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate 60.46 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) 9.12 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 3% (2000) 1.5% (1994)
International organization participation ABEDA, ACC, ACCT (associate), AfDB, AFESD, AL, AMF, BSEC (observer), CAEU, CCC, EBRD, ECA, ESCWA, FAO, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM, OAPEC, OAS (observer), OAU, OIC, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMSIL, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNITAR, UNMIBH, UNMIK, UNMOP, UNOMIG, UNRWA, UNTAET, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) 50 (2000) 2 (2000)
Irrigated land 32,460 sq km (1993 est.) NA sq km
Judicial branch Supreme Constitutional Court Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; Court of the First Instance or Tribunal de Premiere Instance; Court of Administrative Law or Tribunal Administratif
Labor force 19.9 million (2000 est.) 70,000 (1996)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 29%, services 49%, industry 22% (FY99) agriculture 13%, industry 19%, services 68% (1997)
Land boundaries total:
2,689 km

border countries:
Gaza Strip 11 km, Israel 255 km, Libya 1,150 km, Sudan 1,273 km
0 km
Land use arable land:
2%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
0%

forests and woodland:
0%

other:
98% (1993 est.)
arable land:
1%

permanent crops:
6%

permanent pastures:
5%

forests and woodland:
31%

other:
57% (1993 est.)
Languages Arabic (official), English and French widely understood by educated classes French (official), Tahitian (official)
Legal system based on English common law, Islamic law, and Napoleonic codes; judicial review by Supreme Court and Council of State (oversees validity of administrative decisions); accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on French system
Legislative branch bicameral system consists of the People's Assembly or Majlis al-Sha'b (454 seats; 444 elected by popular vote, 10 appointed by the president; members serve five-year terms) and the Advisory Council or Majlis al-Shura - which functions only in a consultative role (264 seats; 176 elected by popular vote, 88 appointed by the president; members serve NA-year terms)

elections:
People's Assembly - three-phase voting - last held 19 October, 29 October, 8 November 2000 (next to be held NA November 2005); Advisory Council - last held 7 June 1995 (next to be held NA)

election results:
People's Assembly - percent of vote by party - NDP 88%, independents 8%, opposition 4%; seats by party - NDP 398, NWP 7, Tagammu 6, Nasserists 2, LSP 1, independents 38, undecided 2; Advisory Council - percent of vote by party - NDP 99%, independents 1%; seats by party - NA
unicameral Territorial Assembly or Assemblee Territoriale (41 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
last held 12 May 1996 (next to be held NA 2001)

election results:
percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 22, Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia 10, New Fatherland Party 5, other 4

note:
one seat was elected to the French Senate on 24 September 1989 (next to be held NA September 1998); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - UC 1; two seats were elected to the French National Assembly on 25 May - 1 June 1997 (next to be held NA 2002); results - percent of vote by party - NA; seats by party - People's Rally for the Republic (Gaullist) 2
Life expectancy at birth total population:
63.69 years

male:
61.62 years

female:
65.85 years (2001 est.)
total population:
75.01 years

male:
72.67 years

female:
77.46 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
51.4%

male:
63.6%

female:
38.8% (1995 est.)
definition:
age 14 and over can read and write

total population:
98%

male:
98%

female:
98% (1977 est.)
Location Northern Africa, bordering the Mediterranean Sea, between Libya and the Gaza Strip Oceania, archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, about one-half of the way from South America to Australia
Map references Africa Oceania
Maritime claims contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine total:
181 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,336,678 GRT/1,982,220 DWT

ships by type:
bulk 23, cargo 61, container 2, liquefied gas 1, passenger 61, petroleum tanker 15, roll on/roll off 15, short-sea passenger 3 (2000 est.)
total:
4 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 5,240 GRT/7,765 DWT

ships by type:
cargo 1, passenger/cargo 2, refrigerated cargo 1 (2000 est.)
Military - note - defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches Army, Navy, Air Force, Air Defense Command French Forces (includes Army, Navy, Air Force), Gendarmerie
Military expenditures - dollar figure $4.04 billion (FY99/00) -
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 4.1% (FY99/00) -
Military manpower - availability males age 15-49:
18,562,994 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - fit for military service males age 15-49:
12,020,059 (2001 est.)
-
Military manpower - military age 20 years of age -
Military manpower - reaching military age annually males:
712,983 (2001 est.)
-
National holiday Revolution Day, 23 July (1952) Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality noun:
Egyptian(s)

adjective:
Egyptian
noun:
French Polynesian(s)

adjective:
French Polynesian
Natural hazards periodic droughts; frequent earthquakes, flash floods, landslides, volcanic activity; hot, driving windstorm called khamsin occurs in spring; dust storms, sandstorms occasional cyclonic storms in January
Natural resources petroleum, natural gas, iron ore, phosphates, manganese, limestone, gypsum, talc, asbestos, lead, zinc timber, fish, cobalt, hydropower
Net migration rate -0.24 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) 3.09 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Pipelines crude oil 1,171 km; petroleum products 596 km; natural gas 460 km -
Political parties and leaders Nasserist Arab Democratic Party or Nasserists [Dia' al-din DAWUD]; National Democratic Party or NDP [President Mohammed Hosni MUBARAK, leader] - governing party; National Progressive Unionist Grouping or Tagammu [Khalid MUHI AL-DIN]; New Wafd Party or NWP [No'man GOMA]; Socialist Liberal Party or LSP [leader NA]

note:
formation of political parties must be approved by government
Centrist Union or UC [leader NA]; Independent Front for the Liberation of Polynesia (Tavini Huiraatira) [Oscar TEMARU]; New Fatherland Party (Ai'a Api) [Emile VERNAUDON]; People's Rally for the Republic (Tahoeraa Huiraatira) [Gaston FLOSSE]
Political pressure groups and leaders despite a constitutional ban against religious-based parties, the technically illegal Muslim Brotherhood constitutes MUBARAK's potentially most significant political opposition; MUBARAK tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but moved more aggressively since then to block its influence; civic society groups are sanctioned, but constrained in practical terms; trade unions and professional associations are officially sanctioned NA
Population 69,536,644 (July 2001 est.) 253,506 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 22.9% (FY95/96 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.69% (2001 est.) 1.72% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Alexandria, Al Ghardaqah, Aswan, Asyut, Bur Safajah, Damietta, Marsa Matruh, Port Said, Suez Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa
Radio broadcast stations AM 42 (plus 15 repeaters), FM 14, shortwave 3 (1999) AM 2, FM 14, shortwave 2 (1998)
Radios 20.5 million (1997) 128,000 (1997)
Railways total:
4,955 km

standard gauge:
4,955 km 1,435-m gauge (42 km electrified; 1,560 km double track) (2000)
0 km
Religions Muslim (mostly Sunni) 94%, Coptic Christian and other 6% Protestant 54%, Roman Catholic 30%, other 16%
Sex ratio at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.02 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.78 male(s)/female

total population:
1.02 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
at birth:
1.05 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.04 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
1.09 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
1.01 male(s)/female

total population:
1.07 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal and compulsory 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system general assessment:
large system; underwent extensive upgrading during 1990s and is reasonably modern; Internet access and cellular service are available

domestic:
principal centers at Alexandria, Cairo, Al Mansurah, Ismailia, Suez, and Tanta are connected by coaxial cable and microwave radio relay

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean and Indian Ocean), 1 Arabsat, and 1 Inmarsat; 5 coaxial submarine cables; tropospheric scatter to Sudan; microwave radio relay to Israel; a participant in Medarabtel and a signatory to Project Oxygen (a global submarine fiber-optic cable system)
general assessment:
NA

domestic:
NA

international:
satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 3,971,500 (December 1998) 52,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular 380,000 (1999) 5,427 (1997)
Television broadcast stations 98 (September 1995) 7 (plus 17 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain vast desert plateau interrupted by Nile valley and delta mixture of rugged high islands and low islands with reefs
Total fertility rate 3.07 children born/woman (2001 est.) 2.23 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 11.5% (2000 est.) 15% (1992 est.)
Waterways 3,500 km

note:
including the Nile, Lake Nasser, Alexandria-Cairo Waterway, and numerous smaller canals in the delta; Suez Canal (193.5 km including approaches), used by oceangoing vessels drawing up to 16.1 m of water
none
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